CRISIS, PARADIGMS AND RECONFIGURATION OF THE WORLD ORDER Major economic crises as catalysts of political-ideological change (1945-2026) CRISIS, PARADIGMAS Y RECONFIGURACIÓN DEL ORDEN MUNDIAL Las grandes crisis económicas como catalizadores del cambio político-ideológico (1945-2026)
Political Analysis Report The historical analysis traces four major cycles. The first is the Keynesian postwar order (1945–1973), built upon the Bretton Woods agreements, which combined market capitalism with strong state intervention and gave rise to the so-called "Thirty Glorious Years" — decades of sustained growth and declining inequality. The second cycle begins with the oil crisis of 1973, which introduced stagflation — simultaneous inflation and unemployment — a phenomenon that Keynesianism could neither explain nor resolve, thereby opening the way for the neoliberal revolution of Thatcher and Reagan. The third cycle encompasses the collapse of Soviet communism (1989–1991), which consecrated liberal globalisation and the so-called "end of history", albeit with the notable exception of the Chinese model of state capitalism without liberal democracy. The fourth cycle, initiated by the Great Recession of 2008, exposed the contradictions of financial neoliber...
